Planning a Trip to Nicosia
Explore the Historic Old Town
Visit the winding streets of the Old Town and discover historical landmarks such as the Venetian walls and the Selimiye Mosque.
Experience Cypriot Cuisine
Indulge in traditional Cypriot dishes such as souvlaki, halloumi cheese, and loukoumades at local restaurants and tavernas.
History of Nicosia
Ancient Times
Nicosia, the capital city of Cyprus, has a rich and diverse history dating back to ancient times. The city was founded by the Greeks in the 4th century BC and named Ledra. During the Hellenistic period, it thrived as a center of culture and trade. Nicosia was later ruled by various empires and civilizations, including the Romans, Byzantines, Lusignans, Venetians, and Ottomans.
Medieval Era
Lusignan and Venetian Rule
In the 12th century, Nicosia was captured by the Crusaders and became the capital of the Kingdom of Cyprus under the Lusignan dynasty. The city flourished during this period, with the construction of magnificent palaces, churches, and fortifications. In the 16th century, Nicosia fell under Venetian rule and further developed as a commercial and cultural hub.
Ottoman Period
Turkish Influence
In 1570, Nicosia was conquered by the Ottoman Empire, marking the beginning of Turkish rule. The city's architecture and culture were greatly influenced by the Ottomans during this period. Nicosia became a multi-cultural city, with Muslims, Christians, and Jews living side by side. The Ottomans built mosques, baths, and marketplaces, leaving a lasting impact on the city's identity.
Modern Era
Contemporary Nicosia
In 1960, Cyprus gained independence from colonial rule, and Nicosia became the capital of the newly formed Republic of Cyprus. However, the city was divided in 1974 after the Turkish invasion, resulting in the separation of Nicosia into the Greek Cypriot south and the Turkish Cypriot north. The division of the city remains unresolved to this day, with the Green Line serving as a buffer zone between the two communities.
Exploring Nicosia
A City of Contrasts
Nicosia is a city of contrasts, where ancient history merges with modernity. The city is divided into two parts - the Greek Cypriot south and the Turkish Cypriot north. In the Greek Cypriot south, you can explore the charming Old Town, with its narrow streets, traditional houses, and medieval walls. The south is also home to numerous museums, art galleries, and cultural attractions. In contrast, the Turkish Cypriot north offers a different cultural experience, with its mosques, hammams, and bustling markets.
Landmarks and Monuments
Must-See Sights
Nicosia is home to several landmarks and monuments that showcase its rich history. The iconic Venetian walls, built in the 16th century, encircle the Old Town and offer panoramic views of the city. The Buyuk Han, a historical caravanserai, is a popular tourist attraction that houses a vibrant bazaar with shops selling traditional souvenirs. The Selimiye Mosque, formerly known as the Cathedral of Saint Sophia, is a stunning example of Gothic and Ottoman architecture. Other notable sights include the Cyprus Museum, the Leventis Municipal Museum, and the Famagusta Gate.
Cultural Events and Festivals
Vibrant Celebrations
Nicosia is known for its vibrant cultural events and festivals. The annual Nicosia Carnival, held in February, is a colorful celebration with parades, costumes, and street parties. The Nicosia International Festival showcases a variety of cultural performances, including music, dance, and theater. The Kypria International Festival features a diverse program of artistic events, ranging from classical music concerts to contemporary dance performances. Other popular events include the Nicosia Jazz Festival, the European Film Festival, and the Nicosia Cultural Marathon.
FAQs about Nicosia
Nicosia is the capital of Cyprus.
Nicosia covers an area of approximately 111 square kilometers.
The population of Nicosia is around 320,000 people.
Yes, Nicosia has a rich historical heritage dating back to ancient times. The city is known for its cultural and historical attractions.
Yes, Nicosia is the last divided capital in the world. The city is split into two parts, with the northern part being the capital of the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and the southern part serving as the capital of the Republic of Cyprus.
Some popular attractions in Nicosia include the Cyprus Museum, the Selimiye Mosque, the Venetian Walls, the Famagusta Gate, and the Old Town.
Nicosia has a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The average temperature in summer is around 32 degrees Celsius (90 degrees Fahrenheit), while in winter, it averages around 15 degrees Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit).
Yes, Nicosia is a modern city with a mix of traditional architecture and contemporary buildings. It has a vibrant city center with shopping malls, restaurants, and businesses.